Picture: National Institute of Drug Abuse

Why steroids are so powerful and so dangerous if abused

Steroids are natural substances with many different effects in the human body, which begin over several days. The primary use of steroids in health care is to reduce inflammation and many other disease symptoms, which are caused by over-reactions in the immune system. So, for example, steroid inhalers have an important role in reducing deaths from asthma, local steroid injections are useful in treating painful joints and ligaments. Steroid creams are used extensively to treat eczema and other inflammatory skin conditions. Steroids make the whole immune system less active, which can be very useful in illnesses where there is an immune component - a huge number. Steroids are the ultimate anti-inflammatory drugs.

However steroid use in medicine is limited by very serious side effects in the body as a whole. That is why steroids tend to be used sparingly in local preparations such as sprays and creams, which ensure maximum steroid dose where it is needed, and minimum levels in the blood stream.

Steroid use in medicine and health care

Steroid skin creams for example cause thinning and weakness of the skin, while steroids also cause calcium to leak out of bones so that they weaken and fracture spontaneously. Steroids also make people feel very hungry and cause blood sugar to rise. People on steroids can gain weight and often develop a typical "moon face" as well as getting diabetes.

Another serious steroid problem is that we all need aggressive immune systems to fight infections and cancers, but steroids knock that out. People on high doses of steroids for medical reasons can die from chest infections and cancers of many kinds. We see these patterns in those who receive organ transplants, who need often need huge doses of steroids to stop the body from destroying the donated tissue. Cancers often develop, which shows us how important our white cells are in keeping us cancer-free, and how often all of us develop cancer in our daily lives. Most of us may have two or three tiny cancers inside us at any time. Taking high dose steroids makes it more likely one of these will develop rapidly.

People on high dose steroids are immune-deficient in every way so that many organisms that rarely cause problems can overgrow, totally upsetting the normal balance of mircobes in the body. An example is candida yeast which can grow rapidly in the mouth causing painful thrush in those with weakened or depressed immune systems including those who are taking steroids for recreational purposes / body building etc.

Effects of steroids on brain and cancer

Steroids also affect the brain, and high doses can make people feel happy, euphoric, hyped-up, with disturbance of sleep and even serious psychiatric illness such as mania, very aggressive behavior and psychosis (delusions, pananoia, loss of touch with reality). If steroid users are also taking other drugs which affect mood or brain function, these side-effects can be far more common.

Steroids are really useful in the care of those with advanced cancer when short life expectancy from their condition means physicians are far more relaxed about long term side-effects.

Brain tumours often respond dramatically to steroids. The reason is that the brain is contained in a bony box inside the skull and pressure can build up inside the head, resulting in headaches, sickness, drowsiness and other problems. Brain scans often show that a tunour the size of a wallnut can be surrounded by a big immune reaction, with brain swelling and inflammation. Steroids reduce the additional swelling, often reversing symptoms and buying time - maybe a few weeks. The underlying cancer continues to grow and if the person finally begins to deteriorate death often follows rapidly as the steroid dose is reduced.

So steroids are really powerful, with wide ranges of actions, producing dramatic effects ranging from pain relief to mood elevation, and if it were not for the very serious side effects they would be used even more often.

The body becomes dependent on steroids and when used in health care, most physicians reduce dosage gradually, even though they may start in an acute illness with a very high dose.

Why do people abuse steroids?

So why on earth would anyone who is perfectly healthy want to take steroids? The reason is that one particular type, anabolic steroids, have another side effect which is to stimulate muscle growth. Sadly for the sports enthusiast, this effect only works well if steroid level in the body as a whole is quite high, and that guarantees problems with side effects.

Taking steroids won't increase muscle bulk without exercise but the normal response to exercise is exaggerated.

Often you will find underlying psychological reasons why people abuse steroids in muscle building. Some studies suggest up to 25% have been physically or sexually abused as children or attacked as adults and are highly motivated to make themselves powerful and resistant to future attack. Others have a body image problem similar to anorexia nervosa, so that they see a weak and feeble body in the mirror - muscle dysmorphia. In some, steroid abuse is just a part of a wider picture of risk-taking.

Anabolic and Androgenic steroids

Steroids can be divided into two types: anabolic and androgenic, but the distinction in some ways is artificial. Anabolic steroids mainly affect metabolism, immunity and muscle, while androgenic steroids have strong masculinisation effects on women and sometimes feminisation effects on men. But all anabolic steroids will increase masculine characteristics such as thick facial hair if the dose used is significant.

Steroid cycling is a regular pattern of steroid use and non-use by athletes or body builders, the aim being to get maximum action with minimum side-effects, often by using a wide variety of different steroid preparations at the same time (stacking), and perhaps to avoid detection by timing non-use to coincide with major competitions where steroids testing may be imposed.

Some steroid abuses use pyramidding - starting with low doses and building up over days or weeks to a peak dose and then tailing off.

Anabolic steroid side effects

Typical problems you will find in people who abuse anabolic steroids include liver tumors and cancer, jaundice (yellow skin from liver failure), retention of fluid, high blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes, increases in LDL (dangerous form of cholesterol), kidney cancer, acne and trembling.

Men may find their testes shrink, sperm count falls with increase of infertility, their hair falls out, breasts start to develop, and prostate cancer becomes more likely. More than half of body-builder sterod abusers will typically experience enlarged breasts and shrunken male organs.

Women can start looking like men: growing beards, going bald, voice breaking - while their menstrual cycle changes or stops, and the clitoris enlarges.

Steroid abuse is particularly risky for teenagers, because it forces the body rapidly to adulthood, bones stop growing - permanently - and they reach puberty early.

Adolescents--growth halted prematurely through premature skeletal maturation and accelerated puberty changes.

And of course, steroid injecting carries all the other risks associated with other injecting drug use, such as infection with HIV, and hepatitis B or hepatitis C.

How many people abuse steroids?

Some surveys suggest that 2.5% of high school pupils in the US will have taken illegal steroids at some time. This is particularly worrying considering the very high risks of steroid abuse in those under the age of 18.

Dr Patrick Dixon
Dr Patrick Dixon MBE

Futurist keynote speaker and author of 19 books. Thirty years forecasting global trends for more than 400 clients, in every industry.

Join the debate

132 comments

What are your own views? Comments are moderated before they appear.

  1. Anonymous ·

    I lived in Southern California all through the 90’s

    when bodybuilding was at its peak.

    I’ve competed for two decades and been trainer had my own business in fitness the whole bit

    Trained with and knew many of the big name professionals.

    But even to this day seeing the average person juicing. I use to think it’s every persons choice and if you want to deal with the side effects it up to you. I can say this though after 30 years in the industry it’s absolutely not with it. You come out way worse after. It took me a long time to see it.

    Many of my friends from back then are dealing with life long side effects and looks terrible some are dead. Some have continued taking them and yes they look ok but believe me they are physically sick in so many ways.

    To me that’s the least of my concern.

    Looking back almost all relationships have been severely impacted. The mental and emotional toll are severe. Steroids don’t just affect the user it affects everyone around.

    I’ve taken a strong stance against it.

    I’ve heard every excuse there is I use to believe them myself.

    But you can’t convince anyone that has set their mind to do them. It’s useless.

    It’s unfortunate most have to learn the hard way.

  2. Celine ·

    Hey guys I'mI'm a university student from Zimbabwe and I'm writing an article about use of anabolic steroids in general...may anyone interested in conversing with me on this issue send me a WhatsApp message on +263783298592.I would really appreciate if someone who has used the or knows someone who uses them or even a doctor please assist as this is part of my school project thank you

  3. nick ·

    steroids are pure shite full stop

  4. Lee ·

    Hi all,

    I am a hep. B carrier. I am very concern about my overall health.

    Is taking Test E steriod safe for me?

    Eric

  5. shrikant sharma ·

    i m 25year and i use steroid decaduraboline not for long time but for lil bit time it gives me good body but aftr leaving steroid there was n lots of problem with liver problem sex problem even now i cant do gym even i cant get muscularity from tommoroww i start running i think running makes me perfect but i m getting dipreessed from my body because i cant get my body back i want to make perfect physic but i cant any solution then pls tell me please its a humble request

    1. 007 ·

      To take steroids for cosmetic purpose is just not right. You will have serious problems if taken in high doses or any doses at all. The article referenced above highlights a few of the awful side effects. My husband became a monster. Going through manic phases or rages. He never laid a hand on me, but he could not control his anger. Breaking doors and throwing things became the norm. Excerising and eating the right foods can have the same out comes with minimal side effects. I hope who ever is reading this article will think twice about steroid use. One last thing, my husband has incurred some health issues due to the high doses of steroids including a heart attack, sexual dysfunction , and a recent tumor between the brain and spine along with high blood pressure and hair loss. Is this all worth a few muscles popping up here and there? You decide that option is truly yours.

    2. Tushar negi ·

      Bro iam also going through same problem

  6. isaiah donner ·

    how are steroids good for you

    1. deeznuts ·

      Steroids are like other drugs, if you abuse them they're bad but if done responsibly they can work well with no ill affects.

      Though it's true you lose some once you stop, it won't be much if you continue to eat correctly and workout hard. You just get there quicker using and for me that's a necessity because 4 months out of a year I am sick and I need to get stronger quicker to have a better quality of life.

      Unless you are huge like a pro bb and take crazy doses, eat 5-6 high caloric/protein meals a day and supplements and lift crazy weight like them and then discontinue the cycle/meals/weights you will definitely see a massive decrease in size.

      I use them because I have medical issues since birth that make me sick and lose weight. And when I need to gain back my muscle mass after a hospitalization to make me feel better/stronger the orals do the trick. I've been on/off them for years and my liver/cholesterol values are normal and even though they need to breakdown in the liver I have never had an increase in AST/ALT. I hear that injecting is better than orals because of the liver and test levels but if you don't abuse them(extreme high doses for long periods of time) and drink plenty of water there will not be any damage done. I am 1 of many who will say the same. But injecting is better as far as sustaining higher/even levels of test in your blood stream and because orals have to pass through the liver twice before the body is able to use.

    2. deeznuts ·

      How are steroids good for you?

      They'll make you hungry if you have a bad appetite and can't gain weight, so it's good if you are not eating enough.

      They'll make you stronger if you lift weights, so it's good if you are weak.(but must workout w/out steroids first, then when you peaked and want to lift more then start a cycle)

      They'll increase your endurance if you have none/little.

      Now the medical, if you have HIV/AIDS this will keep you from muscle wasting away.

      If you have severe burns it will help with healing

      It will increase your red blood cells if you are anemic.

      If you want to feel stronger and feel better it will help over all so long as you don't take too high of a does for too long. If steroids were a health crysis it would be on the news everyday of someone dying or getting sick because of roids siince millions of people around the world are or have taken.

      People get heart attacks and don't take roids, people have diabetes and never have taken roids, people have messed up livers and never even said the word roids. people kill others everyday and never taken roids, so don't believe the bs about roids, bad thing happen to people everyday w/out the use of roids.

      Alcohol and smoking should be banned if roids are. Roids promote good living because you need to workout to see results with.

  7. bsf labs ·

    I just want to inform those people who said steroids are not good for health and it’s stop your growing height and it’s increases inflammation and swelling please read some blogs on web and kindly don’t spread wrong information. It is theoretically approved that Steroids decrease inflammation and swelling and nothing have any relation with height but it’s increase height furthermore; if you use standard quality products and use it in a intelligent way they have no side effects and you will not face any pain in future.

    1. Bart ·

      Hi! My name is Bart and I read your reply and totally agree with you. May I please ask who BSF Labs are. I am working as an Assistant Physician and Public Patient to help with understanding of Low Dose Steroid use and curing Hormone support and Metabolic support. You are so correct about Steroids decreasing inflammation and swelling. I would like to know if you have some good Standard Quality Products I may me interested in. Thank you for your time and look forward to hearing from you. Bart.

    2. Gail ·

      That's truth. I agree! My husband was in military lost both of his legs 20 something years ago. He have inflammations in his hand super legs above knee and his Dr, give him Steroids for inflammation and it sure did help him pain is gone. He only took 2pills for 3 days. That's it!!

  8. rhonda hammond ·

    PLEASE BE CONFIDENT IN THE FACT THAT YOU CAN LOOK GREAT BY JUST DOING THE RIGHT THINGS IN THE GYM WITH THE RIGHT FOODS. I WAS SEEING A GUY WHO DID STEROIDS AND WHEN HE WAS ON THEM HE WAS A TOTAL ASSHOLE AND FIGHTING ALL THE TIME. HE WAS VERY HARD TO GET ALONG WITH AND GOT REALLY BAD FACE ACNE. HIS BODY WAS AMAZING BUT IT NEVER LASTS BECAUSE YOU EITHER HAVE TO AT SOME POINT GET OFF THEM OR DIE. AND WHEN HE DID HE LOOKED LIKE SHIT. BE CAREFUL IF YOU CAN GET GOOD RESULTS WITHOUT DRUGS YOU CAN ALSO COME OUT OF TRAINING WITH A FUNCTIONING HEART AND HEALTHY LIVER.

  9. Mark ·

    I am 48 years old, and I'm 25 years already using anabolic steroids, the article is well clear that are talking about the ABUSE, of it.. But let me to tell you that if you use it in a intelligent way they are just fantastic.. The problem is that there are too much disinformation scaring and misunderstanding about it... I will tell you just a little pic of it, never use the orals they are too dangerous, I never use more than 300 mg a week, rarely use that much and my normal use is 100 mg a week... Some times i stop for some month is very important the use of hepatoprotector while on it....  

    1. fox ·

      Mark, what is hepatoprotector?

    2. John ·

      I agree completely why wouldnt you use it, helps recovery , energy , reduces pain if you dont abuse it, its great. I hate the fact its put in the same league as hard drugs. I hate the fact you can drink sit at a bar get drunk drive home kill someone and its legal and steroids does none of that.

    3. Besim ·

      Hello,i am also 43 years old and after i do it one ciklus now i have problem with libido,if i decide to take to all my life steroids,can you tell me what kind i need to take,propionate,enanthate or which.. thank you

  10. Minhaz ·

    Streiods can increased my height 6-8 inches, now I'm 24 years old male,from Bangladesha.

    1. MD SHAHNAWAZ ·

      Minhaz bhai please tell me, which steroids increase your height? please please please tell me height gain steroids name.

    2. sameer ·

      Hi sir I'm 23 year old 159cm I want to increase my height guide me wt I need to use for gaining some more inches plz do reply me don't neglect it

    3. sumanjit ·

      Minhaz bhai plz tell me how i m begging to u..i m feel very ashamed of my height plz tell hw to increase...

      Plz bhai plzzz help me....

    4. rohan ·

      Which streiods u usee

  11. jamie ·

    I have a weird question. .. if you're sleeping with a guy using steroids can his sperm cause you to start getting acne when you haven't had acne? The steroids Are causing his skin to break out in zits and now mine is too?

    1. Me ·

      I used to take steroids and had bad acne on my back. My girlfriend also got bad acne too. We were told it could not be connected but when I stopped our acne cleared up. She also took accurate for 6 months though

    2. jamie ·

      Thank you very much. It helps to have an idea of why it's going on. I appreciate your feedback!

    3. mike ·

      If he is using a topical testosterone cream which is rubbed on the shoulder it will absorb into your body if you are in contact with it. You better ask him if he is using testosterone in a skin cream form.

  12. john wayne ·

    I'am at the age of fifty and I'am thinking on doing steroids for the first time, I have been lifting and working out for about thirty years now I would like to get some size back and this will be the first time I have tried steroids. so there are so many different names out there. so my question is what do I order for the first time around. and how often do I take them and what quantities do I take them.

    1. matilda ·

      Look do yourself a favor and your family. DON'T TAKE STEROIDS. My husband took steroids for some time . Here are some things that NO ONE tells you. My husband is now 49 he took steroids for a couple of years besides the rages and constantly looking to argue and fight with me and everyone else because his testostorome levels were so high while on steroids when you stop taking them your body stops producing its own natural testostome all together . Now he has to make visits to an endocronologyst to get testostorome injections so his testostorome can be at a normal level when he stopped taking steroids he entered what the doctor called male menopause . Yea and guess what forget what woman are like during menopause men are worse because a woman hormones drop over many years and the body can adjust so while a female is the Bi..ch from hell for a few years a man is triple a Bi.ch from hell for the rest of your life because the steroids are stopped abruptly . You either thane them or you don't. So yea here you have a big muscular guy who bitches all the time , cries over everything and is just an emotional mess. Makes us women look great. Plus yea once you stop taking steroids within a year you develop boobs and celulite all over . Nothing like having celulite around your man boobs and on your back and sides. Plus you get a grouth on your pituitary gland. Oh yea . And your personality changes forever . Your weener shrinks too besides your testies and viagra wont be able to help you. You get extremely high blood preasure so you wont be able to take viagra unless you want to die. These are the things guys on steroids don't tell you cause the have no idea they are on steroids and all is well for now while they are on steroids. But the day comes for all guys on steroids when you have to get off or you die from them and then you will realize that you had a better body before you got on steroids and had you not taken them you would still look good . Ok maybe not as big in size but good . And you realize that had you not taken the steroids you would not have turned into a fat blubber with cellulite and turned into worse than a woman.

    2. wayne cox ·

      I would suggest it if u do it rite im a user and watching ur diet is key high protein low fats and excercise 5 days a week get milk thistle for sure take daily vitamin and drink mass amount of water theese are most important i would look into dr apt and get levels tested but if ur geting on ur own be leary of websites try and get frm pharmacy its best get any test or ethinate. Dnt overuse plus get estrogen block ull be ight plus ur sex drive will be great od luck

    3. The God ·

      Ignore matilda , just use 500 mg of test e for 8 weeks and 2 weeks after last pin start your pct with clomid for 4 weeks at 50 mg a day :D

    4. Mutant Nation ·

      Yeah.. Everything that Matilda said is complete bullshit. I would recommend starting off with just testosterone your first time. Maybe get some sustanon. And start off with 300-600mg a week.

    5. John ·

      get a life

  13. abul bashar ·

    I am from Bangladesh. I have been using steroid medicine since last 8 year long. I felt some difficulty but it's very simple than cure up from myopathy.

  14. abul bashar ·

    I am from Bangladesh. I have been using steroid medicine since last 8 year long. I felt some difficulty but it's very simple than cure up from myopathy.

  15. Gene ·

    Are their any recommended sites online to buy these? I dont know where to start, a doctor of some kind maybe? I have dropped about 40lbs and I lost a lot of muscle in the process.

  16. Do you research ·

    This person has no idea of what they are writing about. Just another in the mob-like attack on something they do not understand. Do some research before you collect a paycheck. Steroid pyramiding hasn't been done since the early eighties, most people are not sick in the head as this would have you believe, but are simply attempting to further a career(due to pressures of society to have to be perfect to be allowed to train the average person or model clothes or fucking anything related), and it is nowhere as near as dangerous as this suggests as long as the user is educated and cautious. The people that fuck themselves up are the idiots that don't know anything and choose to remain ignorant while thinking they have found some magic potion for aesthetic perfection. This "expert" is just taking money to further a false stigma because they are one of the willingly ignorant jackasses I mentioned above. It is people like this that make the free speach rights-among others-of our country seem not as great as they were prior to reading this...

  17. sweet evil ·

    hi i am 24 and i took steroids 6-7 years ago i wish my doctor had told me directly intead of telling my parent what will happen and how much i ll gain weight i wouldnt have took that medican. i tried to loss weight by doing lost of things like execise even weight lifting and dieting even i tired to take stuff that i am allergic to keep my stomach disturbed so that i avoid gaining more weight but that hurts alot i am so disappointed that i am double the weight i was before i dont know what to do anymore..

  18. Mandy ·

    Help I have a friend who is a gym goer Im not sure of his quantity or how long he has been taking steroids, but stopped recently because he had really bad neck pain. No dr or scan, ultrasound etc showed anything. Put on huge pain killer amounts didnt help alot but felt after about six weeks some relief. Until today when he thinks a prior knee issue has flared up. If this a result of steroid abuse how long before it heals? Im pretty sure he wont touch them again. He can handle all over aches and pains but these last two injuries have had him off work.

    1. David ·

      Just read through this thread, good for a laugh. Why do people get so wound up about steroid use? Sorry people but the sports men and woman you support are using it. Those teams are often sponsored by tobacco and alcohol companies. I can go buy smokes and alcohol from any shop. What kills/does more harm?

      We all know the answer. LOL irony defined?

  19. Bucks ·

    I've used steroids on & off for 19 years, had full bloodwork come back as perfect, ECG & blood pressure, & cholesterol also perfect ( doctors words) I also like the party seen & a drink now & then. Got 2 beautifully kids life good! Get knowledge u can do small dosages all your life ( same as going on male hormone replacement)I'm nearly 38 years old. Been off gear for 9 months now but will defo go back on soon ( few injurys to get over first). If u do decide to use get knowledge first, most side effects can be eradicated! The 1 negative fact a cardiologist will tell u is long term can enlarge heart & cause heart attack. If u have heart disease in your family then stay away long term! Anyone healthy should not occure any problems, just get regular bloods & even pay privately to get heart scans done! Smoking, excess drinking & shit fast food diet is much worse than a low dosing body builders fact!!!

    1. kim ·

      Well your one of the lucky ones and did your research but there's just no reason to take that risk. Why risk your health for some pointless extra muscle.

  20. Bane ·

    OH MY GOD!!!

    PLEASE PEOPLE DO NOT LISTEN TO THIS 'SO-CALLED EXPERT'.

    HE DOESN'T EVEN KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CORTICOSTEROIDS AND STEROIDS!

    Yes, ALL STEROIDS ARE BAD FOR YOU IF ABUSED AND SOMETIMES EVEN OF TAKEN IN MODERATION, BUT PLEASE DON'T LISTEN TO THIS PERSON!

    1. Patrick Dixon Author ·

      Well corticosteroids are a form of steroids. The term steroids in general use is a generic one, and in the context of this article we are of course talking mainly about anabolic steroids, used to enhance physical performance. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabolic_steroid

    2. Lizzie ·

      You're right, he/she doesn't know the difference between CORTICOsteroids and ANABOLIC steroids. I'm asthmatic and CORTICOsteroids have been lifesavers for me. All of my family members who have had cancer have used CORTICOsteroids, and they have helped. My mum who has the rare condition 'eosinophilic bronchitis' has had more than a few courses of CORTICOsteroids and they have been brilliant.

      Fine, his information about ANABOLIC steroids is correct but what pisses me off is that he either doesn't know, or can't be bothered making, the distinction between these two.

      So yeah, I agree. Take EVERYTHING this man says about EVERYTHING with a large bucketful of salt.

    3. Chris ·

      Yes, this doc is a real nut case as most are.... I have been taking steroids for over 20 years I'm 39 still I still look and feel 21 perfect health.. You want to beat up steroids what about all the shit y'all doc stuff down down peoples throat (pain killers) I mean what the hell get your facts straight doc thanks for sharing your false info with everyone that's why steroids have the name they have today is because dumbasses like you topical doc...